besides
apart from
in addition to
aside from
on top of
這組短語都可以表示“除……以外”，指添加到整體之意。
1) Leukemia persons can obtain identical marrow found on other’s body besides
their relatives.
白血病人除了從親戚那裡也能別身體上獲得相同的骨髓。
2) Apart from his astronomical work, Galileo made striking advance in optical
science and was one of the founders of the experimental science.
除了天文工作外，伽利略在光學也取得了令人矚目的進成就，他是實驗科學創始人之一。
3) In addition to the usual displays, U. S. museums also offer a great variety of
entertainment activities.
除了通常的展出外，美國博物館也提供各種各樣的娛樂活動。
4) Aside from property measures, the government has given greater assistance to
the poor,particularly those in the earthquake zones.
除了保護財產措施外，政府已經給窮人特別震區的窮人予以更大的援助。
5) He consented to help us and on top of that he lent us many reference books.
他答應幫助我們，除此之外他還借給我們許多參考書。
except
except for
with the exception of
other than
這組短語也都可以表示“除……以外”，except指從整體中“減除”，通常位於
句尾，位於句首時，則應用except for。except for用句尾則表示除外之物是與主語
不同之物。
1)You answered all the questions right except the last one
Except for the last one, you answered all the questions right.
除最後一個問題外，其它問題你都答對了。
2) Usually, all these factors may be neglected except under extreme cases.
通常，除了在極端的情況下所有這些因素都可以忽略。
3) Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.
除了一些拼寫錯誤外，你的作文寫得很好。
4) The street was rather dark except for a few dim lights.
街道上除了有幾盞昏暗的燈之外一片漆黑。
5)With the exception of aluminum, shiny metals, such as tin or copper, turn
into black powders when ground fine.
除了鋁之外，閃光的金屬如錫或銅磨細後變成黑色粉。
6) The presence of elements other than iron will greatly affect the physical
properties ofsteel.
除鐵以外的其它元素的存在將大大影響鋼的物理性質。
表“除……之外”經典考題：
1.Our class ________ sixty students．
A.is consisted of
B.consists of
C.makes up
D.makes up of
2.A university ________ of teachers, administrators and students．
A.consists
B.composes
C.includes
D.contains
3.Great Britain ________ three parts：England, Scotland and Northern Ireland．
A.makes up
B.is included
C.is made from
D.is made up of
4.The room was empty ________ one man seated beside the fire．
A.In addition to
B.other than
C.apart from
D.rather than
5.This crop does not do well in soils _______ the one for which it has been specially developed．
A.outside
B.other than
C.beyond
D.rather than
答案：BADCB
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